Enkephalins and endorphins: the endogenous opiates.
نویسنده
چکیده
The discovery of the opiate receptors in the central nervous system of man and subsequent identification of endogenous opiate-like ligands (enkephalins and endorphins) has provided a model for the analgesia, euphoria and addiction produced by the narcotics. In this article, the author reviews the background, biosynthesis and degradation, distribution, nociceptive transmission and analgesic effects of these opioid peptides.
منابع مشابه
Endogenous enkephalins, not endorphins, modulate basal hedonic state in mice.
The aversive response to naloxone administration observed in human and animal studies suggests the presence of an endogenous opioid tone regulating hedonic state but the class(es) of opioid peptides mediating such opioid hedonic tone is uncertain. We sought to address this question using mice deficient in either beta-endorphin or pro-enkephalin in a naloxone-conditioned place aversion paradigm....
متن کاملOpiate and opioid peptide effects on brain stem neurons: relevance to nociception and antinociceptive mechanisms.
That the brain stem, particularly the reticular core, is involved in the receipt and processing of sensory information of wide variety, including pain, is well appreciated [e.g., 26,104,105,230]. While nociception and ~tinociception have long been poorly understood, the recent past has seen significant advances made in our appreciation and understanding of the involvement of brain stem areas in...
متن کاملHypothalamic mu-opioid receptors in cardiovascular control: a review.
The endogenous opioid system includes three major families of peptides [22]: dynorphins (derived from pre-proenkephalin B); endorphins (derived from pre-proopiomelanocortin) and enkephalins (derived from pre-proenkephalin A). Multiple species of opioid peptides are derived from these major precursors and many of them possess potent cardiovascular properties. Multiple forms of opioid receptors h...
متن کاملNeurobiological mechanisms involved in nicotine dependence and reward: participation of the endogenous opioid system.
Nicotine is the primary component of tobacco that maintains the smoking habit and develops addiction. The adaptive changes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors produced by repeated exposure to nicotine play a crucial role in the establishment of dependence. However, other neurochemical systems also participate in the addictive effects of nicotine including glutamate, cannabinoids, GABA and opio...
متن کاملThe opioid system in cardiac and vascular regulation of normal and hypertensive states.
The endogenous opioid system includes three major families of peptides: dynorphins (derived from pre-proenkephalin B), endorphins (derived from pre-proopiomelanocortin), and enkephalins (derived from pre-proenkephalin A). Multiple species of opioid peptides are derived from these major precursors and many of them possess potent cardiovascular properties. Opioid peptides and opioid receptors, of...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- AANA journal
دوره 50 6 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1982